Scam library
Fake debt collectors
A caller demands payment for an invented, misrepresented, or unverified debt.
What it looks like
Fictional example: Your old loan is in final collections. Pay $680 today at example.com/debt-case to stop legal action.
Fictional example: We cannot send paperwork until you pay. Call 202-555-0103 with your card details now.
How it works
Someone claims you owe a debt and uses pressure to collect before you check it. They may have personal details or information about an old account, which does not establish their authority. Paying the caller may do nothing to resolve any real debt.
Warning signs
- They refuse to provide written information about the debt.
- They threaten immediate arrest for not paying.
- The amount or creditor does not match your records.
- They demand gift cards, cryptocurrency, or payment to a person.
If you got one of these
- Request the collector's identity and written debt validation information.
- Contact the original creditor through a number you find independently.
- Do not provide additional identity or bank details to an unverified caller.
- Verify real court notices independently and respond to applicable deadlines.
If you already paid or shared something
- Contact your bank or payment provider and explain that you paid an unverified or fraudulent collector.
- Save the collector's messages, payment instructions, and any documents.
- Report at reportfraud.ftc.gov and to your state consumer protection office.
Who gets targeted
Anyone contacted about an alleged debt, including people with old accounts or similar names to another borrower.